Blog post 3: Ongoing Field Observations

Nov 22nd          Time: 1:30pm             Temp: 40C       Weather: Windy with overcast

Some of the dominant evergreen trees in Kenna Cartwright park are Douglas fir and Ponderosa pine. This project will be focused on the distribution of the evergreen trees with respect to the distance from the entrance point of the park.

These trees are easily identifiable, they have needle-shaped leaves, compared to the deciduous vegetation in the area that have lost their foliage.

Five different distances between 0 – 1000m were selected at which 50 x 5m belt transects were taken at the 5 different locations. These 5 distances were predetermined by an online number generator.

My prediction is that the density of the trees will increase the farther away from the entrance point. This may be due to the decreased human activity with an increase in this distance.

The response variable is the density of the trees and the explanatory variable is the distance from the entrance point to the park; this point is considered the zero point of measurement.

Since both of the variables are continuous, the regression experimental design will be utilized.

Blog post 3 images 

Instructor: Robyn Reudink

Blog Post 1: Observations

Saturday, Nov 7th     Time 2:30pm       Temp: -20C      Weather: Windy with cloud cover

I have selected Kenna Cartwright park as the site for the field project. This 800 Ha city park is located close to large shopping areas and transportation facilities in Kamloops. It is a mountainous and forested area with a variety of vegetation like the Ponderosa pine and Douglas fir, as well as some deciduous trees and shrubs. I walked 1500m along the path present in the park and observed the following:

  • Trees of similar maturity appear to grow close together; there is little observed heterogeneity in the maturity of the trees close to each other. I would want to study the relationship between the distancing of the clusters of trees and the probability of new tree growth.
  • The area above the path leading to the top of the hill has more evergreen trees while the bottom part of the hill has more deciduous shrubs. I would like to determine whether there is an observable difference in the composition of the soil between these two parts of the hill, which would affect the distribution of the trees.
  • The tree distribution varies with the distance from the entrance point. Considering that this park is close to high traffic and a developed area, I would want to study the relationship between the density of the trees and the distance from the entrance to the park, which is generally more accessible to disturbance factors

Images for Blog post 1

Instructor: Robyn Reudink

Blog Post 5: Design Reflections

During my data collection, I did notice some difficulties in my sampling strategy that would affect my data collection. Firstly, I noticed that my stride length could change between each sample. To mitigate this variance in the future, I will use a tape measure to measure 10 m before each sampling collection. Additionally, trees impeded straight lines and made it difficult to keep my direction. To mitigate this variance I asked a friend to alternate measurements in order to have one person stand in the previous collection spot and ensure that the next data sample is collected in a more precise direction from the compass. These modifications will help ensure that sampling bias is mitigated in that each walking distance is the same and the walking direction is as accurate as possible to the direction generated.

The data that I have collected to this point appears that it will support my hypothesis that Virginia creeper has a higher probability of being present in areas that have less anthropogenic activity. I found it interesting that the appearances of Virginia creeper differed in the sanded area than in the regrowth and old-growth areas. The Virginia creeper in the sanded area was largely smaller plants in bunches, whereas, Virginia Creeper in the regrowth and the old-growth area had extended vines covering large sections and climbing trees in some areas.

Post 7

Blog Post 7: Theoretical Perspectives
Create a blog post where you briefly discuss the theoretical basis of your research project. What ecological processes might your hypothesis touch on? For example, in the buttercup sampling videos, Dr. Baldwin’s research is concerned primarily with reproductive (and evolutionary) fitness, but also relates to pollination. What ideas underpin your research? When you submit a research article for publication, you need to provide several keywords that summarize what your research is about. For example, a paper published from the research described in the wetland sampling videos included depressional wetlands, disturbance gradient, functional groups, and livestock grazing as keywords. Please list three keywords that you could use to describe your research project.

Three keywords I would use are seed dispersal, berry and fruit feeders and light preferences. I would use these keywords because I am assessing the correlation between poison ivy and other fruit growth. The seed dispersal refers to how the poison ivy and fruit got where they are, the berry and fruit feeders functional group refers to who got the seeds there and the light preferences refers to other variables taken into account for poison ivy distribution.

Blog 6

Blog Post 6: Data Collection
Create a blog post describing your field data collection activities. How many replicates did you sample? Have you had any problems implementing your sampling design? Have you noticed any ancillary patterns that make you reflect on your hypothesis?

I had to change my collection design, as after trying to collect data a few times, I realized it wouldn’t work the way I was doing it. I am trying to see if there is a correlation between where fruit plants grow and where poison ivy grows and if there are any other contributing factors for where the poison ivy is growing. I had tried out just randomly selecting plots to check for poison ivy and fruit plants, using a random generator app. The problem is that then I don’t always get many poison ivy plants in my data. (I tried this method a few times). My last attempt at data collection involved instead, systematic sampling along a transect. This is what I had tried on my very first data collection, but I had to add more quadrants this time to get enough data.

Blog 5

Blog Post 5: Design Reflections
1. Create a blog post to discuss the collection of the initial data in Module 3. Did you have any difficulties in implementing your sampling strategy? If yes, what were these difficulties? Was the data that you collected surprising in any way? Do you plan to continue to collect data using the same technique, or do you need to modify your approach? If you will modify your approach, explain briefly how you think your modification will improve your research.

My initial data showed some support for my hypothesis but wasn’t enough data to really be strong. I think I will need to adjust it somewhat to be able to check more samples.

2. Read some of the blogs done by other students in this course and look over the hypotheses that they are investigating. Please offer constructive criticism of one other student’s hypothesis. Post this feedback as a comment on their blog. Topics to consider for feedback include: is the prediction clear and falsifiable, are the pieces and patterns under investigation clearly stated, do the predictor and response variables seem easily measurable in a field setting, and are there any potentially confounding variables that the investigator should be concerned about.

Post 5: Design Reflections
Posted on November 4, 2020 by tparekh
When I originally started gathering data, I tried keeping track of all the species that had percent coverage over 10%. In some of the quadrats there were 5 or 6 different species, so I have decided to only tabulate the most prevalent 2 or 3 species. From looking at all the quadrats the vegetation that seems to be the most common in all regions is the veiny meadow rue and cow parsnip.
When looking specifically at veiny meadow rue there seems to be a clear line moving horizontally across the hill that could define the floodplain. My hypothesis is that vegetation species and their percent cover will either decrease or increase in relation to their proximity to the stormwater pond. Vegetation such as cow parsnip will be more common regardless of distance from the stormwater pond as it is a more versatile species.
When selecting my quadrats I could have used a more methodical approach. Instead of blindly tossing a ball and then creating a quadrat around that I kind of “randomly” selected my quadrats based on what I thought would return the best quality of data that I could use. In that sense, the data presented may not accurately depict the actual percent coverage of vegetation in the 4 zones being studied.
I could have also increased the size or number of quadrats as larger species would naturally occupy more percent of a 1m x 1m quadrat and a larger quadrat or more quadrats would be able to more accurately display the percent coverage of smaller vegetation species.
These samples were not collected in the spring months, but I think it would have been interesting to see how vegetation would have responded to the melting and constant flooding that would be experienced. Maybe if there were larger amounts of snow that was melting then flooding would be more prevalent which could push vegetation boundaries up to higher elevations as opposed to a lighter winter where not as much snow would melt and vegetation boundaries may be at lower elevations.
It would be interesting to see these boundaries in relation to the amount of snow fall from the previous winter and see if there was some correlation between the two.
My reply:
This sounds like very interesting research! I think you are right about increasing the number of quadrants to capture the small vegetation more accurately. I had that issue with my study as well and found that I wasn’t able to capture enough data with the amount of samples I had initially taken.

Blog#4

Blog Post 4: Sampling Strategies
Create a blog post describing the results of the three sampling strategies you used in the virtual forest tutorial. Which technique had the fastest estimated sampling time? Compare the percentage error of the different strategies for the two most common and two rarest species. Did the accuracy change with species abundance? Was one sampling strategy more accurate than another?
I looked at the Mohn forest for the exercise. I found that the time spend was approximately the same when using the haphazard and random methods for area, with the random taking slightly less time. The haphazard strategy resulted in more species found (richness) and more plants counted. In this particular situation though, I think the random method is better because the forest is a quite patchy, having had many disturbances. If it was the Snyder forest, which is quite homogenous, randomness wouldn’t be as important.

Blog Post 7 – Theoretical Perspectives

After completing my replicates research from my study site, I have come to find a better understanding of what possible theories could parallel my project. The topic that seems to fit most aptly relates to anthropogenic disturbances. These are disturbances that are caused by human activity, which result in smaller-scale ecological changes. From what I can gather through my research so far, it is indicative that the Western Honeybee pollination activity is being affected by anthropogenic habitats (the adjacent road). The combination of noise pollution and higher human activity could be the cause of the decreased Honeybee activity closer to the road. Because the honeybee activity decreases as you get closer to the road, a disturbance gradient would best define this phenomenon. My initial hypothesis touches on this topic, and I hope to see more research to further solidify the answer to my project’s question.

Keywords to summarize my research includes the following: anthropogenic disturbances, honeybee pollination and disturbance gradient.

Blog post 2: Sources of Scientific Information

The paper I have chosen is ‘Tree canopy cover constrains the fertility-diversity relationship in plant communities in plant communities of southeastern United States’. This paper has been written by professionals in the field and has gone through peer review as stated in the ‘Acknowledgements’ section of the paper. It also contains a method and result section showing the experimental data collected and different analyses done. In the discussion, the findings are compared to the past literature on the topic as shown by the in-text citations and there is a bibliography at the end of the paper.

Therefore, this paper is an academic peer-reviewed research article.

https://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ecy.3119 

Instructor: Robyn Reudink